Contributor: Lindsay Ensor, freelance writer
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic, so called because it distorts perceptions of sight and sound and produces feelings of detachment from the environment and self. It is most often used as an anesthetic on animals. Ketamine was placed on the list of controlled substances in the US in 1999.
Ketamine acts on a type of glutamate receptor (NMDA receptor) to produce its effects, which are similar to those of the drug PCP. Low-dose intoxication results in impaired attention, learning ability, and memory. At higher doses, ketamine can cause dreamlike states and hallucinations; and at higher doses still, ketamine can cause delirium and amnesia.
Also in high doses, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, it can cause:
- Impairment in motor function
- High blood pressure
- Fatal respiratory problems
Users can experience an effect referred to as “K-Hole,” an “out of body” or “near-death” experience at high doses.
There have been reports of people binging on ketamine, a behavior that is similar to that seen in some cocaine- or amphetamine-dependent individuals. Ketamine users can develop signs of tolerance and cravings for the drug.
Dangers of Ketamine Abuse
Ketamine is a very dangerous drug and can cause short- and long-term effects in addition to those previously mentioned. It can also cause increased heart rate and blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, numbness, depression, and potentially fatal respiratory problems.
On college campuses, Ketamine is known as a “Club Drug” because of its hallucinogenic effects. It distorts perceptions of sight and sound and makes the user feel disconnected and not in control. Ketamine can induce a state of sedation, feeling calm and relaxed, immobility, relief from pain, and amnesia. (drugabuse.gov)
It is used in powdered or liquid form. It can be injected, consumed in drinks, snorted, or added to joints or cigarettes. Due to the detached, dreamlike state it creates, where the user finds it difficult to move, ketamine has been used as a “date-rape” drug (drugfreeworld.org). It is one of the most common date- rape drugs used on college campuses.
Ketamine Street Names
Ketamine also goes by the street names:
- K
- Special K
- K2
- Vitamin K
- Super K
- Super C
- Lady K
- Ket
- Kit Kat
- Ketaset
- Ketaject
- Jet
- Super Acid
- Green
- Purple
- Mauve
- Super Acid
- Special LA Coke
- Cat Tranquilizers
- Cat Valium (drugs.com)
It is hard to know the actual prevalence of ketamine usage as a date rape drug, because a majority of date rapes go unreported. Therefore, the statistics and reports of drugs such as GHB, Rohypnol or Ketamine are often inaccurate.
A study was completed in 2011 about the annual prevalence of Ketamine use as a “club drug” used for its hallucinogenic effects in high school students was completed. In the Monitoring the Future Survey, the annual prevalence of ketamine use in grades 8, 10, and 12 in 2011 was 0.8%, 1.2%, and 1.7%, respectively. These rates have fallen since the early 2000’s, when rates were roughly 1.6%, 2.1%, and 2.5% in grades 8, 10, and 12, respectively. 1
Ketamine is Difficult to Aquire
Ketamine still remains one of the lesser-used drugs on the college campus, though that doesn’t lessen its dangerous effects in any way. This drug is difficult to acquire, being that it is used most in veterinary practice, which would require stealing the product.
According to the DEA2, a major U.S. source of illicit ketamine arrives across the border from Mexico.
Even though Ketamine is hard to get it into the hand of students, it still finds its way there and we still need to take the matter very seriously. Just like most other drugs, Ketamine has addictive properties that have the potential to destroy and devastate lives.
Lindsay Ensor
BS Psychology and Counseling
Member of National Alliance on Mental Illness
Blogger www.healingandsurviving.com